Kayayyakin da ba na ƙarfe ba da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci sun haɗa da robobi, roba, manne mai ɗaurewa, kayan gogayya, yadi, gilashi, da sauran kayayyaki. Waɗannan kayan sun haɗa da fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu kamar su sinadarai masu amfani da mai, masana'antu masu sauƙi, yadi, da kayan gini. Saboda haka, amfani da kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin motoci yana nuna yadda ake amfani da su a cikin motoci.ƙarfin tattalin arziki da fasaha, kuma ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban na haɓaka fasaha da damar amfani a masana'antu masu alaƙa.
A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da gilashin fiberKayan haɗin da aka tilasta amfani da su a cikin motoci sun haɗa da thermoplastics mai ƙarfafa gilashin fiber (QFRTP), thermoplastics mai ƙarfafa gilashin fiber (GMT), sinadaran gyaran takarda (SMC), kayan gyaran resin transfer molding (RTM), da samfuran FRP da aka ɗora da hannu.
Babban ƙarfin fiber ɗin gilashiRobalan da ake amfani da su a motoci a halin yanzu sune polypropylene mai ƙarfafa gilashin fiber (PP), polyamide mai ƙarfafa gilashin fiber 66 (PA66) ko PA6, kuma zuwa ƙaramin mataki, kayan PBT da PPO.
Kayayyakin PP (polypropylene) masu ƙarfafawa suna da ƙarfi da tauri mai yawa, kuma ana iya inganta halayen injinan su sau da yawa, har ma sau da yawa. Ana amfani da PP mai ƙarfafawa a yankunan da ake buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi.kamar kayan daki na ofis, misali a kujerun baya na yara da kujerun ofis; ana kuma amfani da shi a cikin fanfunan axial da centrifugal a cikin kayan aikin firiji kamar firiji da kwandishan.
An riga an yi amfani da kayan ƙarfafa PA (polyamide) a cikin motocin fasinja da na kasuwanci, galibi don ƙera ƙananan sassa masu aiki. Misalan sun haɗa da murfin kariya don jikin makulli, maƙallan inshora, goro da aka saka, feda na throttle, masu tsaron gear, da maɓallan buɗewa. Idan kayan da masana'antar kayan ta zaɓa ba su da ƙarfi.inganci, tsarin kera ba shi da kyau, ko kuma ba a busar da kayan yadda ya kamata ba, zai iya haifar da karyewar sassan da ba su da ƙarfi a cikin samfurin.
Tare da motaSaboda karuwar bukatar kayan aiki masu saukin nauyi da kuma wadanda ba su da illa ga muhalli, masana'antun kera motoci na kasashen waje suna karkata ga amfani da kayan GMT (mats thermoplastics) don biyan bukatun sassan gini. Wannan ya faru ne saboda kyawun taurin GMT, gajeren lokacin gyare-gyare, ingantaccen samarwa, karancin farashin sarrafawa, da kuma rashin gurbata muhalli, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama daya daga cikin kayan karni na 21. Ana amfani da GMT musamman wajen samar da madaidaitan matakai, madaidaitan dashboard, firam din zama, masu tsaron injin, da kuma madaidaitan batir a cikin motocin fasinja. Misali, Audi A6 da A4 da FAW-Volkswagen ke samarwa a halin yanzu suna amfani da kayan GMT, amma ba su cimma samar da kayayyaki na gida ba.
Don inganta ingancin motoci gaba ɗaya don cimma manyan matakan ci gaba na duniya, da kuma cimma nasaraRage nauyi, rage girgiza, da rage hayaniya, sassan cikin gida sun gudanar da bincike kan yadda ake samarwa da kuma ƙera kayayyaki na kayan GMT. Suna da ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na GMT mai yawa, kuma an gina layin samarwa mai nauyin tan 3000 na kayan GMT a kowace shekara a Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Masu kera motocin cikin gida suna amfani da kayan GMT wajen ƙirar wasu samfura kuma sun fara gwajin samar da kayayyaki.
Haɗaɗɗen ƙera takarda (SMC) muhimmin filastik ne mai ƙarfafa thermosetting na gilashi. Saboda kyakkyawan aiki, ƙarfin samarwa mai girma, da kuma ikon cimma saman A-grade, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin motoci. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi don amfani daKayan SMC na ƙasashen waje a masana'antar kera motoci sun sami sabon ci gaba. Babban amfani da SMC a cikin motoci yana cikin allunan jiki, wanda ya kai kashi 70% na amfani da SMC. Ci gaban da ya fi sauri yana cikin sassan gini da sassan watsawa. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, ana sa ran amfani da SMC a cikin motoci zai ƙaru da kashi 22% zuwa 71%, yayin da a wasu masana'antu, ci gaban zai kasance daga kashi 13% zuwa 35%.
Matsayin Aikace-aikaceYanayin Ci Gaba da kuma Ci Gaba
1. Ana ƙara amfani da sinadarin ƙera gilashin fiber mai ƙarfi (SMC) a cikin kayan aikin mota. An fara nuna shi a cikin sassan tsarin a kan samfuran Ford guda biyu (E)xplorer da Ranger) a shekarar 1995. Saboda yawan aikinsa, ana ganin yana da fa'idodi a cikin ƙirar tsarin, wanda hakan ya haifar da amfani da shi sosai a cikin dashboards na motoci, tsarin sitiyari, tsarin radiator, da tsarin na'urorin lantarki.
Maƙallan sama da na ƙasa da kamfanin Amurka Budd ya ƙera suna amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke ɗauke da zare na gilashi 40% a cikin polyester mara cika. Wannan tsarin gaba mai sassa biyu ya cika buƙatun mai amfani, tare da ƙarshen gaban ƙaramin ɗakin da ke miƙewa gaba. Na samaAn sanya akwati a kan rufin gaba da kuma tsarin jikin gaba, yayin da ƙaramin akwati yana aiki tare da tsarin sanyaya. Waɗannan maƙallan guda biyu suna da alaƙa kuma suna aiki tare da rufin mota da tsarin jiki don daidaita ƙarshen gaba.
2. Amfani da kayan da aka yi da ƙananan yawa na Sheet Molding Compound (SMC): Ƙananan yawa na SMC yana da takamaiman nauyi.y na 1.3, kuma aikace-aikace da gwaje-gwaje na aiki sun nuna cewa yana da sauƙi 30% fiye da SMC na yau da kullun, wanda ke da takamaiman nauyi na 1.9. Amfani da wannan SMC mai ƙarancin yawa zai iya rage nauyin sassa da kusan 45% idan aka kwatanta da sassa makamantan da aka yi da ƙarfe. Duk bangarorin ciki da sabbin rufin da aka yi da samfurin Corvette '99 na General Motors a Amurka an yi su ne da ƙarancin yawa na SMC. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ƙarancin yawa na SMC a cikin ƙofofin mota, murfin injin, da murfi na akwati.
3. Sauran aikace-aikacen SMC a cikin motoci, bayan sabbin amfani da aka ambata a baya, sun haɗa da samar da varioSauran sassan mu. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙofofin taksi, rufin da za a iya hura iska, kwarangwal na bumper, ƙofofin kaya, masu rufe rana, bangarorin jiki, bututun magudanar ruwa na rufin, layukan gefen rumfar mota, da akwatunan manyan motoci, waɗanda daga cikinsu ne aka fi amfani da su a cikin bangarorin jikin waje. Dangane da yanayin aikace-aikacen cikin gida, tare da gabatar da fasahar samar da motocin fasinja a China, an fara amfani da SMC a cikin motocin fasinja, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin ɗakunan taya da kwarangwal na bumper. A halin yanzu, ana kuma amfani da shi a cikin motocin kasuwanci don sassa kamar faranti na murfin ɗakin strut, tankunan faɗaɗawa, maƙallan saurin layi, manyan/ƙananan rabe-raben, haɗa murfin iska, da ƙari.
Kayan Haɗaka na GFRPMotoci Leaf Springs
Hanyar Canja wurin Resin (RTM) ta ƙunshi matse resin a cikin wani rufaffen mold da ke ɗauke da zare na gilashi, sannan a shafa a zafin ɗaki ko da zafi. Idan aka kwatanta da Sheet MoldHanyar ng Compound (SMC), RTM tana ba da kayan aiki masu sauƙi na samarwa, ƙarancin farashin mold, da kyawawan halaye na zahiri na samfuran, amma ya dace da matsakaici da ƙananan samarwa kawai. A halin yanzu, an faɗaɗa sassan motoci da aka samar ta amfani da hanyar RTM a ƙasashen waje zuwa rufin jiki gaba ɗaya. Sabanin haka, a cikin gida a China, fasahar ƙera sassan motoci ta RTM har yanzu tana cikin matakin haɓakawa da bincike, tana ƙoƙarin isa ga matakan samarwa na samfuran ƙasashen waje iri ɗaya dangane da halayen injinan kayan aiki, lokacin tsaftacewa, da ƙayyadaddun samfuran da aka gama. Sassan motoci da aka haɓaka kuma aka yi bincike a cikin gida ta amfani da hanyar RTM sun haɗa da gilashin gilashi, tagogi na baya, masu watsawa, rufin gida, bumpers, da ƙofofin ɗaga baya na motocin Fukang.
Duk da haka, yadda ake amfani da tsarin RTM cikin sauri da inganci ga motoci, buƙatarAbubuwan da ake buƙata don tsarin samfura, matakin aikin kayan aiki, ƙa'idodin kimantawa, da kuma cimma saman A-grade batutuwa ne da ke damun masana'antar kera motoci. Waɗannan su ne kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don amfani da RTM sosai a fannin kera sassan motoci.
Me yasa jam'iyyar FRP
Daga mahangar masana'antun motoci, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) idan aka kwatanta da saurankayan aiki, wani abu ne mai kyau sosai. Idan aka ɗauki SMC/BMC (Takardar Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) a matsayin misali:
* Tanadin nauyi
* Haɗakar sassa
* Sassaucin zane
* Zuba jari ya ragu sosai
* Yana sauƙaƙa haɗa tsarin eriya
* Daidaiton girma (ƙarancin ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi mai layi, wanda yayi daidai da ƙarfe)
* Yana kula da aikin injiniya mai girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa
Mai jituwa da E-coating (zanen lantarki)
Direbobin manyan motoci sun san cewa juriyar iska, wanda aka fi sani da ja, koyaushe yana da matukar muhimmancimanyan motocin dakon kaya. Babban yankin gaba na manyan motoci, manyan chassis, da kuma tireloli masu siffar murabba'i suna sa su zama masu sauƙin jure wa iska.
Don yin adawa dajuriyar iska, wanda babu makawa yana ƙara nauyin injin, saurin gudu, ƙarfin juriyar zai ƙaru. Ƙara nauyi saboda juriyar iska yana haifar da yawan amfani da mai. Don rage juriyar iska da manyan motoci ke fuskanta da kuma rage yawan amfani da mai, injiniyoyi sun yi ta fama da ƙwaƙwalwa. Baya ga ɗaukar ƙirar iska don ɗakin, an ƙara na'urori da yawa don rage juriyar iska a kan firam ɗin da kuma ɓangaren baya na tirelar. Waɗanne na'urori ne aka tsara don rage juriyar iska a kan manyan motoci?
Rufin/Masu Rage Gefe
An tsara rufin da na'urorin karkatar da gefe ne musamman don hana iska ta bugi akwatin kaya mai siffar murabba'i kai tsaye, tana mai da mafi yawan iskar ta yi tafiya cikin sauƙi a saman da gefen tirelar, maimakon ta shafi gaban hanyar kai tsaye.er, wanda ke haifar da juriya mai mahimmanci. Masu karkatar da kusurwa da tsayi masu kyau na iya rage juriyar da tirelar ke haifarwa sosai.
Siket ɗin gefen mota
Rigunan gefe a kan abin hawa suna taimakawa wajen daidaita gefen chassis ɗin, suna haɗa shi da jikin motar ba tare da wata matsala ba. Suna rufe abubuwa kamar tankunan mai da aka ɗora a gefe da tankunan mai, suna rage yankin gabansu da iska ke fuskantar, don haka suna sauƙaƙa iska mai sauƙi ba tare da haifar da hayaniya ba.
Ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙarancin matsayir
Bumper mai faɗaɗa ƙasa yana rage iskar da ke shiga ƙarƙashin motar, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage juriyar da gogayya tsakanin chassis da chassis ke haifarwa.iska. Bugu da ƙari, wasu bumpers masu ramukan jagora ba wai kawai suna rage juriyar iska ba, har ma suna kai iska zuwa ga ganga na birki ko faifan birki, suna taimakawa wajen sanyaya tsarin birki na abin hawa.
Masu Rage Gefen Akwatin Kaya
Masu karkatar da kaya a gefen akwatin kaya suna rufe wani ɓangare na ƙafafun kuma suna rage tazara tsakanin ɗakin kaya da ƙasa. Wannan ƙirar tana rage iskar da ke shiga daga ɓangarorin da ke ƙarƙashin abin hawa. Domin suna rufe wani ɓangare na ƙafafun, waɗannan suna ɓacewakuma suna rage hayaniya da ke faruwa sakamakon hulɗar da ke tsakanin tayoyin da iska.
Na'urar Hana Baya
An tsara don wargazaIdan iskar da ke juyawa a baya ta yi ƙarfi, hakan zai sauƙaƙa kwararar iska, ta haka ne zai rage jan iska.
To, waɗanne kayan aiki ake amfani da su don yin abubuwan da ke hana ruwa gudu da kuma rufewa a kan manyan motoci? Daga abin da na tattara, a cikin kasuwar da ke da gasa sosai, fiberglass (wanda aka fi sani da filastik mai ƙarfafa gilashi ko GRP) an fi so saboda sauƙinsa, ƙarfinsa mai yawa, juriya ga tsatsa, da kuma ƙarfinsa.cancantar wasu kadarori.
Fiberglass abu ne mai haɗaka wanda ke amfani da zare-zaren gilashi da samfuran su (kamar zane na fiber gilashi, tabarma, zare, da sauransu) a matsayin ƙarfafawa, tare da resin roba wanda ke aiki azaman kayan matrix.
Masu rage hasken fiberglass/murfi
Turai ta fara amfani da fiberglass a cikin motoci tun daga shekarar 1955, tare da gwaji kan samfuran STM-II. A shekarar 1970, Japan ta yi amfani da fiberglass don kera murfin ado don ƙafafun mota, kuma a shekarar 1971 Suzuki ta yi murfin injin da fenders daga fiberglass. A shekarun 1950, Burtaniya ta fara amfani da fiberglass, inda ta maye gurbin tsoffin ɗakunan ƙarfe da katako, kamar waɗanda ke cikin For.d S21 da motoci masu ƙafa uku, wanda ya kawo sabon salo kuma mara tsauri ga motocin wannan zamanin.
A cikin gida a China, wasu mMasu kera motoci sun yi aiki mai yawa wajen ƙirƙirar jikin motocin fiberglass. Misali, FAW ta yi nasarar ƙirƙirar murfin injin fiberglass da ɗakunan da aka yi wa fenti da kuma waɗanda aka yi wa fenti da kyau tun da farko. A halin yanzu, amfani da kayayyakin fiberglass a cikin manyan motoci masu matsakaicin tsayi da na nauyi a China ya zama ruwan dare, gami da injin mai dogon hanci.murfi, bumpers, murfin gaba, murfin rufin ɗakin, siket na gefe, da kuma deflectors. Shahararren mai kera deflectors na cikin gida, Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., ya misalta wannan. Har ma wasu manyan ɗakunan kwana masu tsada a cikin manyan motocin Amurka masu dogon hanci an yi su ne da fiberglass.
Mai sauƙi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, tsatsa- juriya, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin motoci
Saboda ƙarancin farashi, ƙarancin lokacin samarwa, da kuma sassaucin ƙira mai ƙarfi, ana amfani da kayan fiberglass sosai a fannoni da dama na ƙera manyan motoci. Misali, 'yan shekaru da suka gabata, manyan motocin cikin gida suna da ƙira mai tsauri da tsauri, tare da salon waje na musamman wanda ba a saba gani ba. Tare da saurin haɓaka manyan hanyoyin cikin gida, wandaH ya ƙarfafa jigilar kaya na dogon lokaci, wahalar ƙirƙirar kamannin ɗakin da aka keɓance daga ƙarfe gaba ɗaya, tsadar ƙirar mold mai yawa, da matsaloli kamar tsatsa da zubewa a cikin tsarin walda mai bangarori da yawa ya sa masana'antun da yawa suka zaɓi fiberglass don murfin rufin ɗakin.
A halin yanzu, yawancin motocin haya suna amfani da fikayan bergillas don murfin gaba da bumpers.
Ana siffanta fiberglass da sauƙin nauyi da ƙarfinsa mai yawa, tare da yawansa tsakanin 1.5 da 2.0. Wannan kusan kwata zuwa kashi biyar ne kawai na yawan ƙarfen carbon kuma har ma ya fi ƙasa da na aluminum. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe 08F, fiberglass mai kauri mm 2.5 yana daƘarfi daidai da ƙarfe mai kauri 1mm. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya tsara fiberglass cikin sassauƙa bisa ga buƙatu, yana ba da ingantaccen daidaito gabaɗaya da kuma kyakkyawan ƙera shi. Yana ba da damar zaɓin sassauƙa na hanyoyin ƙera shi bisa ga siffar, manufa, da adadin samfurin. Tsarin ƙera shi abu ne mai sauƙi, sau da yawa yana buƙatar mataki ɗaya kawai, kuma kayan yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa. Yana iya tsayayya da yanayin yanayi, ruwa, da yawan acid, tushe, da gishiri. Saboda haka, manyan motoci da yawa a halin yanzu suna amfani da kayan fiberglass don bumpers na gaba, murfin gaba, siket na gefe, da deflectors.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-02-2024
