Kayayyakin da ba na ƙarfe ba da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci sun haɗa da robobi, roba, manne-nauyi, kayan juzu'i, yadudduka, gilashi, da sauran kayan. Waɗannan kayan sun ƙunshi sassa daban-daban na masana'antu kamar su petrochemicals, masana'antar haske, masaku, da kayan gini. Don haka, aikace-aikacen da ba na ƙarfe ba a cikin motoci yana nuna alamar cohaɗakar ƙarfin tattalin arziki da fasaha, kuma ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ci gaban fasaha da damar aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu masu alaƙa.
A halin yanzu, gilashin fiber reinAbubuwan da aka tilasta wa haɗawa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin motoci sun haɗa da fiber fiber ƙarfafa thermoplastics (QFRTP), gilashin fiber mat ƙarfafa thermoplastics (GMT), mahadi gyare-gyaren takarda (SMC), kayan gyare-gyaren guduro (RTM), da samfuran FRP na hannu.
Babban gilashin fiber reinforrobobin ced da aka yi amfani da su a cikin motoci a halin yanzu sune gilashin fiber ƙarfafa polypropylene (PP), fiber gilashin ƙarfafa polyamide 66 (PA66) ko PA6, kuma zuwa ƙarami, kayan PBT da PPO.
Abubuwan da aka ƙarfafa PP (polypropylene) suna da babban ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma ana iya haɓaka kayan aikin injin su sau da yawa, har ma sau da yawa. Ana amfani da PP mai ƙarfafawa a yankunan skamar kayan daki na ofis, misali a cikin kujeru masu tsayin baya na yara da kujerun ofis; Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin magoya bayan axial da centrifugal a cikin kayan aikin firiji kamar firiji da kwandishan.
An riga an yi amfani da kayan ƙarfafa PA (polyamide) a cikin fasinja da motocin kasuwanci, yawanci don kera ƙananan sassa na aiki. Misalai sun haɗa da murfin kariya don jikin makullai, ƙwanƙolin inshora, haɗaɗɗen ƙwaya, matattarar magudanar ruwa, masu gadin motsi, da hannaye masu buɗewa. Idan kayan da aka zaɓa ta ɓangaren masana'anta ba su da ƙarfiinganci, tsarin masana'anta bai dace ba, ko kayan ba a bushe da kyau ba, zai iya haifar da raguwar sassa masu rauni a cikin samfurin.
Tare da atomatikƘaruwar buƙatun masana'antar otive don kayan nauyi masu nauyi da muhalli, masana'antun kera motoci na ƙasashen waje sun fi karkata ga yin amfani da kayan GMT (gilashin mat ɗin thermoplastics) don biyan buƙatun kayan gini. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda kyakkyawan taurin GMT, gajeriyar zagayowar gyare-gyare, ingantaccen samarwa, ƙarancin sarrafawa, da yanayin rashin ƙazanta, wanda ya mai da shi ɗayan kayan aikin ƙarni na 21st. Ana amfani da GMT da farko wajen kera maɓalli masu aiki da yawa, dashboard brackets, firam ɗin wurin zama, masu gadin injin, da madaidaicin baturi a cikin motocin fasinja. Misali, Audi A6 da A4 da FAW-Volkswagen ke samarwa a halin yanzu suna amfani da kayan GMT, amma ba su kai ga samar da gida ba.
Don inganta gaba ɗaya ingancin motoci don cim ma matakan ci-gaba na ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma cimma nasarae rage nauyi, raguwar girgizawa, da raguwar amo, sassan gida sun gudanar da bincike game da samarwa da tsarin gyare-gyaren samfur na kayan GMT. Suna da karfin samar da kayan aikin GMT da yawa, kuma an gina layin samar da kayan aiki na shekara-shekara na tan 3000 na kayan GMT a Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Masu kera motoci na cikin gida kuma suna amfani da kayan GMT a cikin ƙirar wasu samfura kuma sun fara samar da gwaji.
Sheet gyare-gyaren fili (SMC) muhimmin filastik fiber ne mai ƙarfafa thermosetting filastik. Saboda kyakkyawan aikin sa, babban ƙarfin samarwa, da ikon cimma saman A-grade, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin motoci. A halin yanzu, aikace-aikace naKayan SMC na kasashen waje a cikin masana'antar kera motoci sun sami sabon ci gaba. Babban amfani da SMC a cikin motoci yana cikin sassan jiki, yana lissafin kashi 70% na amfani da SMC. Mafi sauri girma shine a cikin sassan tsari da sassan watsawa. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, ana sa ran amfani da SMC a cikin motoci zai karu da kashi 22% zuwa 71%, yayin da a sauran masana'antu, haɓakar zai kasance 13% zuwa 35%.
Matsayin Aikace-aikacens and Development Trends
1.High-content gilashin fiber ƙarfafa takardar gyare-gyare fili (SMC) Ana ƙara amfani da mota tsarin aka gyara. An fara nuna shi a sassa na tsari akan nau'ikan Ford guda biyu (Explorer da Ranger) a cikin 1995. Saboda multifunctionality, an yi la'akari da cewa yana da fa'ida a cikin ƙirar tsari, wanda ke haifar da yaɗuwar aikace-aikacensa a cikin dashboards na motoci, tsarin tuƙi, tsarin radiator, da tsarin na'urorin lantarki.
Baƙaƙe na sama da na ƙasa wanda kamfanin Amurka Budd ya ƙera suna amfani da wani abu mai haɗaka da ke ɗauke da fiber gilashin 40% a cikin polyester mara kyau. Wannan tsari na gaba-gaba guda biyu ya dace da buƙatun mai amfani, tare da ƙarshen gaban ƙananan ɗakin yana shimfiɗa gaba. Babban bran gyara acket a kan rufin gaba da tsarin jiki na gaba, yayin da ƙananan shinge yana aiki tare da tsarin sanyaya. Waɗannan ɓangarorin biyu suna haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da alfarwar mota da tsarin jiki don daidaita ƙarshen gaba.
2. Aikace-aikace na ƙananan ƙarancin ƙima (SMC) kayan: Low-density SMC yana da takamaiman gravit.y na 1.3, kuma aikace-aikace masu amfani da gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa yana da 30% sauƙi fiye da daidaitattun SMC, wanda ke da takamaiman nauyin 1.9. Yin amfani da wannan ƙananan ƙarancin SMC na iya rage nauyin sassa da kusan 45% idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan sassa da aka yi da karfe. Duk bangarori na ciki da sabon rufin rufin na ƙirar Corvette '99 ta General Motors a cikin Amurka an yi su ne da ƙananan ƙarancin ƙima na SMC. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da SMC mai ƙarancin ƙima a cikin ƙofofin mota, hulunan injin, da murfi na akwati.
3. Sauran aikace-aikacen SMC a cikin motoci, bayan sabbin amfani da aka ambata a baya, sun haɗa da samar da variomu sauran sassa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kofofin taksi, rufin rufin da za a iya hura wuta, kwarangwal mai ƙarfi, ƙofofin kaya, hasken rana, fatunan jiki, bututun magudanar ruwa, tarkacen gefen mota, da akwatunan manyan motoci, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a cikin sassan jikin waje. Dangane da matsayin aikace-aikacen gida, tare da bullo da fasahar kera motocin fasinja a kasar Sin, an fara amfani da SMC a cikin motocin fasinja, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin dakunan taya da kwarangwal. A halin yanzu, ana kuma amfani da shi a cikin motocin kasuwanci don sassa kamar faranti na rufin ɗakin strut, tankunan faɗaɗa, madaidaicin layin layi, manyan / ƙananan ɓangarorin, taron rufewar iska, da ƙari.
Abubuwan Haɗin GFRPMotoci Leaf Springs
Hanyar Canja wurin Resin Molding (RTM) ya haɗa da danna guduro cikin rufaffiyar yumɓu mai ɗauke da filayen gilashi, sannan ana warkewa a cikin ɗaki ko zafi. Idan aka kwatanta da Sheet MoldiHanyar ng Compound (SMC), RTM yana ba da kayan aikin samarwa mafi sauƙi, ƙananan farashin ƙira, da kyawawan kaddarorin samfuran samfuran, amma ya dace da matsakaici da ƙananan samarwa. A halin yanzu, sassan mota da aka samar ta amfani da hanyar RTM a ƙasashen waje an tsawaita su zuwa cikakkiyar suturar jiki. Sabanin haka, a cikin gida a kasar Sin, fasahar gyare-gyaren RTM na kera sassan kera motoci har yanzu tana kan ci gaba da mataki na bincike, tana kokarin isa matakin samar da kayayyaki iri daya na kasashen waje dangane da kaddarorin injinan danyen mai, da lokacin warkewa, da kuma cikakkun bayanai na samfurin. Sassan motocin da aka haɓaka kuma aka yi bincike a cikin gida ta hanyar amfani da hanyar RTM sun haɗa da gilashin iska, ƙofofin wutsiya, masu yaduwa, rufin rufin asiri, da kofofin ɗaga baya don motocin Fukang.
Koyaya, yadda ake amfani da tsarin RTM cikin sauri da inganci ga motoci, buƙatungyare-gyaren kayan don tsarin samfur, matakin aikin kayan aiki, ƙa'idodin kimantawa, da cimma nasarar filayen A-aji al'amura ne da ke damun masana'antar kera motoci. Waɗannan su ne kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata don yaɗuwar RTM a cikin kera sassan kera motoci.
Me yasa FRP
Ta fuskar masana'antun kera motoci, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) idan aka kwatanta da sauraner kayan, ne mai matukar m madadin abu. Ɗaukar SMC/BMC (Haɗin Ƙirƙirar Sheet/Bulk Molding Compound) azaman misalai:
* Adana nauyi
* Haɗuwa da sassa
* Zane sassauci
* Rage hannun jari mai mahimmanci
* Yana sauƙaƙe haɗin tsarin eriya
* Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali (ƙananan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun faɗaɗawar thermal na linzamin kwamfuta, kwatankwacin ƙarfe)
* Yana kiyaye babban aikin injiniya a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma
Mai jituwa da E-shafi (zanen lantarki)
Direbobin manyan motoci suna sane da cewa juriyar iska, wanda kuma aka sani da ja, ya kasance mai mahimmanci a koyaushekiyayya ga manyan motoci. Babban filin gaban manyan manyan motoci, babban chassis, da tireloli masu siffa guda huɗu suna sa su fi dacewa da juriyar iska.
Don magancewajuriya na iska, wanda babu makawa yana ƙara nauyin injin, saurin gudu, mafi girman juriya. Ƙarar kaya saboda juriya na iska yana haifar da yawan amfani da man fetur. Don rage juriyar iskar da manyan motoci ke fuskanta kuma ta yadda za a rage yawan man fetur, injiniyoyi sun tada hankalinsu. Baya ga ɗaukar ƙirar iska don ɗakin gida, an ƙara na'urori da yawa don rage juriyar iska akan firam da ɓangaren baya na tirela. Wadanne na'urori aka kera don rage juriyar iska a manyan motoci?
Rufin Rufi/Masu Kashe Gefe
An tsara rufin rufin da gefuna na gefe da farko don hana iska daga kai tsaye buga akwatin kaya mai siffar murabba'i, tana mai da mafi yawan iskar don gudana cikin sauƙi a kusa da na sama da sassan tirelar, maimakon yin tasiri kai tsaye gaban gaban motar. sawuer, wanda ke haifar da juriya mai mahimmanci. Madaidaicin kusurwa da tsayi masu tsayi na iya rage juriya da tirela ta haifar.
Rigar Gefen Mota
Siket ɗin gefe akan abin hawa suna hidimar sassauta gefen chassis ɗin, suna haɗa shi da jikin motar. Suna rufe abubuwa kamar tankunan iskar gas da ke gefen gefe da tankunan mai, suna rage yankin gabansu da ke fallasa iska, don haka sauƙaƙe iska mai sauƙi ba tare da haifar da tashin hankali ba.
Bumpe mai ƙarancin matsayir
Ƙarƙashin ƙarar ƙasa yana rage iskar da ke shiga ƙarƙashin abin hawa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage juriya da aka samu ta hanyar gogayya tsakanin chassis daiska. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu bumpers tare da ramukan jagora ba kawai rage juriyar iska ba har ma da iskar kai tsaye zuwa ga ganguna ko fayafai, suna taimakawa wajen sanyaya tsarin birkin abin hawa.
Kaya Akwatin Side Deflectors
Abubuwan da ke gefen akwatin kaya sun rufe wani ɓangare na ƙafafun kuma suna rage tazara tsakanin sashin kaya da ƙasa. Wannan zane yana rage kwararar iskar da ke shiga daga sassan da ke ƙarƙashin abin hawa. Domin suna rufe wani ɓangare na ƙafafun, waɗannan suna karkatar da su’yan wasan kwaikwayo kuma suna rage tashin hankalin da ke haifar da cudanya tsakanin tayoyi da iska.
Rear Deflector
An tsara don tarwatsat iska takan yi jujjuyawa a baya, tana daidaita tafiyar iska, ta yadda za ta rage ja da iska.
Don haka, waɗanne kayan ne ake amfani da su don kera magudanar ruwa da murfi akan manyan motoci? Daga abin da na tattara, a cikin kasuwa mai gasa sosai, fiberglass (wanda aka fi sani da filastik mai ƙarfafa gilashi ko GRP) ana fifita shi don ƙarancin nauyi, ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi, juriyar lalata, da r.cancanta tsakanin sauran kaddarorin.
Fiberglass wani abu ne mai haɗaka wanda ke amfani da filaye na gilashi da samfuran su (kamar gilashin fiber gilashi, tabarma, yarn, da dai sauransu) a matsayin ƙarfafawa, tare da resin roba yana aiki azaman kayan matrix.
Fiberglas Deflectors/Covers
Turai ta fara amfani da fiberglass a cikin motoci tun a farkon 1955, tare da gwaji akan jikin samfurin STM-II. A shekara ta 1970, Japan ta yi amfani da fiberglass don kera murfi na ado don ƙafafun mota, kuma a cikin 1971 Suzuki ya yi murfin injin da fenders daga gilashin fiberglass. A cikin 1950s, Burtaniya ta fara amfani da fiberglass, ta maye gurbin dakunan da aka haɗa da katako na ƙarfe na baya, kamar waɗanda ke cikin For.d S21 da motoci masu kafa uku, waɗanda suka kawo sabon salo da ƙarancin tsauri ga motocin zamanin.
A cikin gida a kasar Sin, wasu mmasana'antun sun yi aiki mai yawa wajen haɓaka jikin abin hawa fiberglass. Misali, FAW ta sami nasarar ƙera murfin injin fiberglass da ɗakin kwana mai lebur, ɗakuna masu jujjuyawa da wuri. A halin yanzu, amfani da kayayyakin fiberglass a cikin manyan motoci masu matsakaici da nauyi a kasar Sin ya yadu sosai, gami da injin dogon hanci.rufofi, bumpers, murfin gaba, murfin rufin gida, siket na gefe, da magudanar ruwa. Shahararriyar masana'anta na cikin gida na deflectors, Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., ya misalta wannan. Hatta wasu manyan gidajen kwana na alatu a cikin manyan motocin Amurka masu dogon hanci, an yi su da fiberglass.
Mai nauyi, babban ƙarfi, lalata-resistant, yadu amfani a cikin abin hawa
Saboda ƙarancin farashi, gajeriyar zagayowar samarwa, da sassauƙar ƙira mai ƙarfi, kayan fiberglass ana amfani da su sosai a fannoni da yawa na kera motoci. Misali, ƴan shekaru da suka gabata, manyan motocin gida suna da ƙira mai tsauri da tsauri, tare da salo na musamman na waje ba a saba gani ba. Tare da saurin ci gaban manyan hanyoyin gida, wandah ya ƙarfafa jigilar jigilar kayayyaki na dogon lokaci, wahalar samar da sifofin gida na musamman daga ƙarfe gabaɗaya, tsadar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, da batutuwa kamar tsatsa da ɗigogi a cikin tsarin welded da yawa ya jagoranci masana'antun da yawa don zaɓar fiberglass don murfin rufin gida.
A halin yanzu, manyan motoci da yawa suna amfani da fikayan berglass don murfin gaba da bumpers.
Gilashin fiberglass yana da sauƙin nauyi da ƙarfinsa, tare da yawa tsakanin 1.5 da 2.0. Wannan kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu ne zuwa kashi biyar na ƙarancin ƙarfe na carbon kuma ko da ƙasa da na aluminum. Idan aka kwatanta da karfe 08F, fiberglass mai kauri 2.5mm yana da aƙarfi daidai da 1mm kauri karfe. Bugu da ƙari, fiberglass za a iya tsara su cikin sassauƙa bisa ga buƙatu, yana ba da ingantaccen amincin gabaɗaya da ingantaccen masana'anta. Yana ba da damar zaɓi mai sassauƙa na tsarin gyare-gyare dangane da siffa, manufa, da adadin samfurin. Tsarin gyare-gyare yana da sauƙi, sau da yawa yana buƙatar mataki ɗaya kawai, kuma kayan yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata. Yana iya tsayayya da yanayin yanayi, ruwa, da kuma yawan adadin acid, tushe, da gishiri. Saboda haka, manyan motoci da yawa a halin yanzu suna amfani da kayan fiberglass don ɗorawa na gaba, murfin gaba, siket na gefe, da kuma ƙwanƙwasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-02-2024
